The instrument comes in 2 basic versions: Single and Double. Single Horns are physically easier to handle and are available in smaller sizes for younger players. Students find the Single easier to start on and usually play it for a couple of years before switching to a Double Horn. Almost all intermediate and professional Horns are Double Horns.
These names sound a bit odd for a horn, but the differences are very basic.
There are 2 basic versions of the French Horn:
Single Horn:
This comes in the key of “F” or “Bb”. The majority of single French Horns that students begin with are in the key of “F”. The Single Horn has three rotary valves that are used to change notes.
Double Horn:
The Double Horn gets its name from the fact that it has a double set of tubing, which is engaged with a fourth valve pressed by the thumb. This allows the Double Horn to switch between the key of “F” and “Bb”. The player uses the “Bb” side of the instrument to hit higher notes more easily and more in tune than the “F” side of the instrument.
The Bell
There are 3 different types of material used in making a brass instruments bell. Each material has a distinct characteristic on how the instrument will sound.
* Yellow Brass – This is the most common brass used in making brass instruments. It produces a rich, full sound. Most student horns are made of Yellow Brass
* Rose Brass – Also referred to as Red Brass or Gold Brass, this produces a darker, warmer tone in comparison to Yellow Brass. Most intermediate horns are made of Rose Brass.
* Silver/Nickel or Sterling Silver – Used primarily for professional instruments and some intermediate. This produces a very rich sound.
The Taper
There are different tapers to the bell of a French Horn. The taper is the way the horn flares from a small diameter to the full opening of the bell. This is referred to as the Throat Size. Single Horns, especially for younger players, have a smaller throat, which produces a weaker, but more controlled sound. Double Horns usually feature a larger throat, which is harder to control, but produces a larger, fuller sound.
Linkage
Linkage refers to how the finger levers, pressed by the player, are attached to the valves. The two types of linkage are:
* String Linkage – This type uses a strong string, which is wrapped around a connecting post from the valve to the lever. When the lever is pushed down, the string rotates the rotary valve to change the note. String linkages require periodic adjustment and eventual replacement of the string. The biggest advantage of string linkage is its silent operation.
* Mechanical Linkage – This type uses metal arms that connect the levers and valves with ball and socket joints. Mechanical linkage can produce a slight “clicking” sound when the instrument is played. The advantage of mechanical linkage is that it lasts much longer than string linkage and requires less maintenance.
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